Contents EBJ Home Single molecule measurements and biological motors

Further reading and references

Microscopy

Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer - Anatomy of the Microscope
An excellent introduction to microscopy, with many illustrations and Java applets to explain key concepts.

Useful Reviews and Books

Ashkin, A. (1992). “Forces Of a Single-Beam Gradient Laser Trap On a Dielectric Sphere In the Ray Optics Regime.” Biophysical Journal 61(2): 569-582.

Ashkin, A. (1997). “Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94(10): 4853-4860.

Knight, A.E. and Molloy, J.E. (2000). "Muscle, myosin and single molecules". In "Molecular Motors" Essays In Biochemistry Vol. 35 (S. J. Higgins and G. Banting, Eds.). London, Portland Press.

Knight, A.E., Veigel, C., Chambers, C. and Molloy, J.E. (2001). “Analysis of single molecule mechanical recordings: application to actomyosin interactions.Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 77(1): 45-72.
Note: This paper is available in a pre-print version on our web site.

Howard, J. (2001). Mechanics of Motor Proteins and the Cytoskeleton. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

Molloy, J.E. (1998). “Optical chopsticks: Digital synthesis of multiple optical traps.” Meth. Cell Biol. 55: 205-216.

Scholey, J.M., Ed. (1993). Motility Assays for Motor Proteins. Methods in Cell Biology. San Diego, Academic Press.

Sheetz, M.P., Ed. (1998). Laser Tweezers in Cell Biology. Methods in Cell Biology. San Diego, Academic Press.

Svoboda, K. and Block, S.M. (1994). “Biological Applications Of Optical Forces.” Annual Review Of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 23: 247-285.

Visscher, K., Gross, S.P. and Block, S.M. (1996). “Construction of multiple-beam optical traps with nanometer-resolution position sensing.” IEEE Journal Of Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics 2(4): 1066-1076.

Optical Tweezers References

Allersma, M.W., Gittes, F., deCastro, M.J., Stewart, R.J. and Schmidt, C.F. (1998). “Two-dimensional tracking of ncd motility by back focal plane interferometry.Biophysical Journal 74(2): 1074-1085.

Ashkin, A. (1970). “Acceleration and Trapping of Particles by Radiation Pressure.Phys. Rev. Lett. 24(4): 156-159.

Ashkin, A. and Dziedzic, J.M. (1971). “Optical levitation by radiation pressure.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 19: 283-285.

Ashkin, A., J. M. Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm and S. Chu (1986). “Observation Of a Single-Beam Gradient Force Optical Trap For Dielectric Particles.” Optics Letters 11(5): 288-290.

Ashkin, A. and J. M. Dziedzic (1987). “Optical Trapping and Manipulation Of Viruses and Bacteria.” Science 235(4795): 1517-1520.

Ashkin, A., J. M. Dziedzic and T. Yamane (1987). “Optical Trapping and Manipulation Of Single Cells Using Infrared-Laser Beams.” Nature 330(6150): 769-771.

Ashkin, A. and Dziedzic, J.M. (1989). “Optical Trapping and Manipulation Of Single Living Cells Using Infrared-Laser Beams.” Berichte Der Bunsen-Gesellschaft-Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 93(3): 254-260.

Block, S.M., Goldstein, L.S.B. and Schnapp, B.J. (1990). “Bead Movement By Single Kinesin Molecules Studied With Optical Tweezers.” Nature 348(6299): 348-352.

Finer, J.T., Simmons, R.M. and Spudich, J.A. (1994). “Single myosin molecule mechanics: piconewton forces and nanometre steps.” Nature 368: 113-119.

Gelles, J., Schnapp, B.J. and Sheetz, M.P. (1988). “Tracking Kinesin-Driven Movements With Nanometre-Scale Precision.” Nature 331(6155): 450-453.

Ghislain, L.P. and Webb, W.W. (1993). “Scanning-Force Microscope Based On an Optical Trap.” Optics Letters 18(19): 1678-1680.

Ghislain, L.P., Switz, N.A. and Webb, W.W. (1994). “Measurement Of Small Forces Using an Optical Trap.” Review Of Scientific Instruments 65(9): 2762-2768.

Gittes, F. and Schmidt, C.F. (1998). “Interference model for back-focal-plane displacement detection in optical tweezers.” Optics Letters 23(1): 7-9.

Gittes, F. and Schmidt, C.F. (1998). "Signals and noise in micromechanical measurements". Methods In Cell Biology 55: 129-156.

Ishijima, A., Kojima, H., Funatsu, T., Tokunaga, M., Higuchi, H., Tanaka, H. and Yanagida, T. (1998). “Simultaneous observation of individual ATPase and mechanical events by a single myosin molecule during interaction with actin.” Cell 92(2): 161-171.

Kuo, S.C. and Sheetz, M.P. (1993). “Force Of Single Kinesin Molecules Measured With Optical Tweezers.” Science 260(5105): 232-234

Mehta, A.D., Finer, J.T. and Spudich, J.A. (1997). “Detection of single-molecule interactions using correlated thermal diffusion.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94(15): 7927-7931.

Mehta, A.D., Rock, R.S., Rief, M., Spudich, J.A., Mooseker, M.S. and Cheney, R.E. (1999). “Myosin-V is a processive actin-based motor.” Nature 400(6744): 590-593.

Misawa, H., Sasaki, K., Koshioka, M., Kitamura, N. and Masuhara, H. (1992). “Multibeam Laser Manipulation and Fixation Of Microparticles.” Applied Physics Letters 60(3): 310-312.

Molloy, J.E., Burns, J.E., Kendrick-Jones, J., Tregear, R.T. and White, D.C.S. (1995). “Movement and Force Produced By a Single Myosin Head.” Nature 378(6553): 209-212.

Neuman, K.C., Chadd, E.H., Liou, G.F., Bergman, K. and Block, S.M. (1999). “Characterization of photodamage to Escherichia coli in optical traps.” Biophysical Journal 77(5): 2856-2863.

Simmons, R.M., Finer, J.T., Chu, S. and Spudich, J.A. (1996). “Quantitative measurements of force and displacement using an optical trap.” Biophysical Journal 70(4): 1813-1822.

Simpson, N.B., Dholakia, K., Allen, L. and Padgett, M.J. (1997). “Mechanical equivalence of spin and orbital angular momentum of light: An optical spanner.” Optics Letters 22(1): 52-54.

Smith, D.A., Steffen, W., Simmons, R.M. and Sleep, J. (2001). “Hidden-markov methods for the analysis of single-molecule actomyosin displacement data: the variance-hidden-markov method.” Biophys. J. 81(5): 2795-816.

Smith, S.B., Cui, Y.J. and Bustamante, C. (1996). “Overstretching B-DNA: The elastic response of individual double-stranded and single-stranded DNA molecules.Science 271(5250): 795-799.

Svoboda, K., Schmidt, C.F., Schnapp, B.J. and Block, S.M. (1993). “Direct observation of kinesin stepping by optical trapping interferometry.” Nature 365(6448): 721-7.

Veigel, C., Bartoo, M.L., White, D.C.S., Sparrow, J.C. and Molloy, J.E. (1998). “The stiffness of rabbit skeletal actomyosin cross-bridges determined with an optical tweezers transducer.Biophysical Journal 75(3): 1424-1438.

Veigel, C., Coluccio, L.M., Jontes, J.D., Sparrow, J.C., Milligan, R.A. and Molloy, J.E. (1999). “The motor protein myosin-I produces its working stroke in two steps.” Nature 398(6727): 530-533.

Veigel, C., Wang, F., Bartoo, M.L., Sellers, J.R. and Molloy, J.E. (In Press). “The gated gait of the processive molecular motor, myosin V.” Nature Cell Biology.

Visscher, K., Brakenhoff, G.J. and Krol, J.J. (1993). “Micromanipulation By Multiple Optical Traps Created By a Single Fast Scanning Trap Integrated With the Bilateral Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope.” Cytometry 14(2): 105-114.

Visscher, K. and Block, S.M. (1998). “Versatile optical traps with feedback control.” Methods In Enzymology 298: 460-489.

Yin, H., Wang, M.D., Svoboda, K., Landick, R., Block, S.M. and Gelles, J. (1995). “Transcription Against an Applied Force.” Science 270(5242): 1653-1657.

Myosin

The Myosin Home Page The number one stop on the web for myosin information, particularly phylogenetic trees, alignments and accession numbers.

York Molecular Motors Group page- Myosins section. Useful information and links on myosin diversity.

Berg, J.S., Powell, B.C. and Cheney, R.E. (2001). “A Millennial Myosin Census.Molecular Biology of the Cell 12: 780-794.

Cooke, R. (1997). “Actomyosin interaction in striated muscle.” Physiol. Rev. 77(3): 671-697.

Funatsu, T., Harada, Y., Tokunaga, M., Saito, K. and Yanagida, T. (1995). “Imaging Of Single Fluorescent Molecules and Individual ATP Turnovers By Single Myosin Molecules In Aqueous-Solution.” Nature 374(6522): 555-559.

Hodge, T. and Cope, M. (2000). “A myosin family tree.Journal Of Cell Science 113(19): 3353-3354.

Homma, K., Yoshimura, M., Saito, J., Ikebe, R. and Ikebe, M. (2001). “The core of the motor domain determines the direction of myosin movement.” Nature 412(6849): 831-4.

Jontes, J.D., Milligan, R.A., Pollard, T.D. and Ostap, E.M. (1997). “Kinetic characterization of brush border myosin-I ATPase.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94(26): 14332-14337.

Kitamura, K., Tokunaga, M., Iwane, A.H. and Yanagida, T. (1999). “A single myosin head moves along an actin filament with regular steps of 5.3 nanometres.” Nature 397(6715): 129-134.

Wells, A.L., Lin, A.W., Chen, L.Q., Safer, D., Cain, S.M., Hasson, T., Carragher, B.O., Milligan, R.A. and Sweeney, H.L. (1999). “Myosin VI is an actin-based motor that moves backwards.” Nature 401(6752): 505-508.

TIRF, single molecule fluorescence

Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer - Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
A mine of useful information on TIRF theory and microscope configurations, focussing on cell biological applications. With many Java applets!

Axelrod, D. (1989). "Total Internal-Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy." Methods in Cell Biology 30: 245-270.

Axelrod, D., Hellen, E.H. and Fulbright, R.M. (1992). "Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence". in: Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Volume 3: Biochemical Applications ed. J. R. Lakowicz, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Conibear, P.B. and Bagshaw, C.R. (2000). “A comparison of optical geometries for combined flash photolysis and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.” Journal Of Microscopy-Oxford 200: 218-229.

Hecht, E. (2001). Optics (4th Edition). Addison Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.

Moerner, W.E. and Orrit, M. (1999). “Illuminating single molecules in condensed matter.” Science 283(5408): 1670-1676.

Electronics

Photodiode Monitoring with Op Amps (Burr-Brown/TI Application note)

Horowitz, P. and Hill, W. (1989). The Art of Electronics. (2nd Edition) Cambridge University Press.


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